Blend comprising an epdm graft terpolymer and a resin



United States Patent 3,489,821 BLEND CGMPRISING AN EPDM GRAFT TERPOLYMER AND A RESIN Harry S. Witt, East Paterson, and Charles F. Paddock, Wayne, N..l., assignors to Uniroyal, Inc, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Filed Aug. 31, 1962, Ser. No. 220,875 Int. Cl. C08f 41/12 US. Cl. 260876 12 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Graft copolymers of monomers such as styrene, 'acrylonitrile, etc. on an unsaturated EPDM teropolymer rubber are especially useful for blending with separately prepared resin (e.g., styrene-acrylonitrile resin), to make a high-impact gum plastic composition.

The grafted terpolymer described herein is claimed per se in copending divisional application Ser. No. 663,493 of Harry S. Witt and Charles F. Paddock, filed Aug. 28, 1967.

This invention relates to hard, tough, rigid compositions known as gum plastics, comprising mixtures of a major proportion of a hard, relatively brittle polymer (resin), and a minor proportion of a relatively soft, rubbery polymer. Many such gum plastics are known, and a wide variety of useful products have been made from them. Their usefulness depends on the fact that they retain to a substantial degree the hardness and rigidity of the brittle resinous polymer, while showing a greatly increased resistance to failure under impact. The field of usefulness of prior art gum plastics has, however, been seriously restricted because in general they rapidly lose their impact resistance and become brittle when exposed to Weathering in the outdoors atmosphere and sunlight, or under other similar conditions. The addition of materials which absorb ultraviolet light has been found ineffective in preventing this deterioration.

The compositions of the present invention are capable of providing articles that are greatly superior to those of the prior art in their resistance to deterioration, particularly to loss of impact strength, under prolonged exposure in the sunlight outdoors. This result is obtained by proper selection of the rubbery component of the gum plastic. The compositions may be shaped by molding or similar shaping operations conventionally used on thermoplastic materials.

The rubbery component used in the compositions of the present invention is a graft copolymer made by polymerizing a resin-forming monomer (or a mixture of such monomers) in the presence of a rubbery copolymer resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising two or more alpha-monoolefins with or without a minor proportion of diolefin. If a diolefin is used, the amount should be so limited that the rubbery copolymer has an iodine number not greater than about 20; this will generally correspond to not more than about by weight of diolefin monomer units in the copolymer. The conditions of the graft polymerization must be such that a substantial part of the resin-forming monomer is attached to the rubber molecules, giving a true graft copolymer.

The alpha-monoolefins used in making the rubbery copolymer are those having the formula CH =CHR, in which R may be hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl radical, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, etc. Preferred rubbery copolymers are those in which the alphamonoolefins used are ethylene and propylene, the

3,489,821 Patented Jan. 13, 1970 weight ratio of ethylene monomer units to propylene monomer units in the copolymer being from 20/80 to /20, preferably between 35/65 and 65/35.

Diolefins suitable for use in making the rubbery copolymer are non-conjugated straight-chain or cyclic diene hydrocarbons which are copolymerizable with the alphamonoolefins. Examples of suitable diolefins are straight or branched chain diolefins, such as those in which both double bonds are terminal as in 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5- hexadiene, Z-methyI-LS-heXadiene, 3,3-dimethyl-1,5 hexadiene, 1,7-octadier1e, 1,9-decadiene, 1,19-eicosadiene, and the like; diolefins in which only one double bond is terminal such as 1,4-hexadiene, 1,9-octadecadiene, 6-methyl-l,5-heptadiene, 7-methyl-l,6-octadiene, l1- ethyl-l,l1-tridecadiene and the like. Also suitable are the bridged-ring diene hydrocarbons of similar nature containing 7 to 10 carbon atoms, especially those containing a rnethano or an ethano bridge, for example: (a) unsaturated derivatives of bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane containing at least two double bonds, including bicyclo [2,2,1] hepta-2,5-diene; dicyclopentadiene (also named 3a,4,7,7a tetrahydro-4,7 -methanoindene), tricyclopentadiene, and tetracyclopentadiene; (b) unsaturated derivatives of bicyclo [2,2,2] octane containing at least two double bonds, including bicyclo [2,2,2] octa-2,5- diene; (c) unsaturated derivatives of bicyclo [3,2,1] octane containing at least two double bonds; (d) unsaturated derivatives of bicyclo [3,3,1] nonane containing at least two double bonds; (e) unsaturated derivatives of bicyclo [3,2,2] nonane containing at least two double bonds, and the like. Dicyclopentadiene and 1,4-hexadiene are preferred.

Methods for making these rubbery copolymers are well known, and need not be described here (see e.g., US. Patents 3,000,866; 3,000,867; 2,933,480).

Resins suitable for use in the invention include hard, rigid homopolymers and copolymers of olefinic monomers such as styrene, the halo-styrenes (e.g. para-chlorostyrene), alpha-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, the lower alkyl (1-8 carbon atoms) esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids (e.g., methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), vinyl chloride, and many others. Resins of particular interest are polystyrene; polyvinyl chloride; polymethyl methacrylate; copolymers of styrene-acrylonitrile, of styrene-methyl methacrylate, of styrene-methacrylic acid; similar copolymers of alpha-methylstyrene; and copolymers of styrene-alpha-methylstyrene. These resins and methods for their preparation are well known.

As stated above, the graft copolymer is made by polymerizing the resin-forming monomers in the presence of the rubbery ethylene-propylene copolymer, with the result that a substantial part of the newly-polymerized resin-forming monomer is attached to the rubber molecules. Any suitable conventional method for making such a graft copolymer may be used. For example, one method of graft polymerization (which is described in detail below) consists in first forming a peroxide or hydroperoxide of the rubber by heating a solution of the rubber in the presence of molecular oxygen and an organic peroxide or hydroperoxide, as described in British Patent 878,443. The treated rubber is then heated in the presence of the resin-forming monomers, which polymerize to give the graft copolymer. Other methods of making the graft copolymer may be used, for example, irradiation of the rubber with high-energy electromagnetic or particulate radiation (gamma rays, beta rays, etc.) and simultaneously or subsequently contacting the rubber with the resin-forming monomers, which polymerize to give the strong shearing action while in intimate contact with the monomer. The method of making the graft copolymer is not a critical factor in the invention, and any appropriate conventional method may be used.

The resin-forming monomers or mixtures of monomers suitable for use in making the graft copolymer are those mentioned above as suitable for making the resin. The resin-forming monomers used in making a graft copolymer for use with a given resin must be such as to give a graft copolymer which is miscible and compatible with the given resin. Frequently the monomers used for the graft are the same as those used to make the given resin, but this is not essential, as long as the resin and the graft copolymer are compatible, i.e., miscible to form a uniform, coherent mixture.

The proportion of resin-forming monomer to rubber used in the grafting reaction may vary over quite a wide range, depending upon factors such as the efficiency of grafting (i.e., the proportion of polymerized resinforming monomer actually attached to the rubber), and the particular resin-graft copolymer system in question. In a good gum plastic the resin and the rubbery component must be miscible to form a uniform, coherent mixture; i.e. the two components must be compatible.

It is desired to emphasize that the advantages of the invention are not obtainable simply by blending the described resin with the ungrafted rubber itself, which in general is not compatible with the resin. While it is not desired to limit the invention to any particular theory of operation, it appears to be possible that the grafting of a portion of the resin onto the rubber, as described, renders the remaining resinous portion more compatible with the rubbery portion, so that a more uniform, coherent mixture is obtained. Whatever the explanation, the observed fact is that the present blend of resin with graft copolymer is remarkably superior to an otherwise similar blend of the resin with the ungrafted rubber. The proportion of resin-forming monomer to rubber used in the graft polymerization to achieve this result may vary in general from about 1:4 to about 4:1. Provided that there is enough monomer actually grafted onto the rubber to confer compatibility, this proportion is not critical. Proportions between 1:2 and 2:1 are usually satisfactory.

The relative amounts of resin and rubbery component in the compositions of the invention are best defined as the resin-to-rubber ratio, which is the ratio of the total amount of resinous material in the composition (i.e. resin added as such plus polymerized resin-forming monomer in the graft copolymer) to the amount of copolymer rubber (i.e., the rubbery spine or base polymer used in making the graft copolymer). Thus a mixture of 50 parts of resin with 50 parts of a graft copolymer of 25 parts of resin-forming monomer on 25 parts of rubber would have a resin-to-rubber ratio of 75:25. The resin-torubber ratio may vary from about 60:40 to about 95:5, depending upon the particular resin-graft polymer system in question, and upon the properties desired in the product. Increasing rubber content gives increasing impact strength, with some decrease in rigidity and hardness. For most purposes, the best rubber-to-resin ratio will be in the range 70:30 to 90:10.

The form of the invention in which the rubbery base or spine of the graft copolymer is an unsaturated polymer, that is, a copolymer which includes a minor proportion of combined diolefin along with the alpha-monoolefins, is especially preferred. Gum plastics comprising a blend of the described resin with a graft copolymer based on such unsaturated rubber are frequently outstanding in their ability to be bent without failing. Thus, a sample about 0.1 inch thick of preferred gum plastic of the invention containing graft copolymer made from such unsaturated rubber, can frequently be bent through an angle of up to 180 without appearing weak and cheesy or breaking at the bend, even when such bending is done by hand at a relatively slow rate.

The mixtures of resin and graft copolymer of the present invention are similar in properties to similar compositions of the prior art, and are useful in the many wellknown applications of such compositions. In addition, they are capable of being made into articles that are greatly superior in their resistance to deterioration under outdoor aging. For this purpose there is added to the composition an efficient absorber of ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength band .280-.410 micron. Curiously enough, such ultraviolet absorbers give substantially no improvement in aging of the prior art compositions. Many such absorbers are known, for example, such commercially available materials used for this purpose as 2-(2-hydroxy 5 methylphenyl)benzotriazole (Tinuvin P), 2,4 dihydroxy-benzophenone (Uvinul 400), 2,2-dihydroxy-4,4- dimethoxybenzophenone (Uvinul D40), p aminoazobenzene, hydroquinone, etc. Small amounts of these materials, about 0.05 to 5 parts by weight per of the composition, give the desired protection.

One method of making the peroxidized rubber for use in the graft polymerization is illustrated by the following example. The rubber used was a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and dicyclopentadiene to which none of the antioxidant customarily used to preserve the rubber had been added. g. of rubber was dissolved in a mixture of 3 liters of cumene and ml. of ethanol. The tem perature of the solution was brought to 65 C., 6 ml. of cumene hydroperoxide were added, and air was bubbled through the solution at 65 C. for 4 hours. The prod uct was precipitated from the solution by slowly adding about 3 liters of methanol with gentle stirring; the resulting swollen mass was broken up into crumb form in a high-speed stirrer with knife blades, washed with methanol, and dried in a vacuum at 50 C.

A method for making the graft copolymer from the peroxidized rubber is illustrated by the following example. 50 grams of a peroxidized terpolymer rubber made as described in the preceding paragraph, 35 grams of styrene, 15 grams of acrylonitrile, and 60 grams of ethanol were mixed in a glass bottle; the bottle was stoppered, and the reaction mixture was heated at 200 F. for 24 hours. The product was dried to constant weight in a vacuum oven. The yield was 96 grams of product, showing that 46 grams (92%) of the monomers were polymerized. Extraction of an aliquot of the product with methyl ethyl ketone gave a soluble fraction (ungrafted resin) corresponding to 35 grams of the total product; hence 11 grams of monomer were actually attached to the rubber by the graft polymerization.

The products of the invention, as illustrated in the examples given below, were tested to determine their properties. Tensile strength in pounds per square inch (p.s.i.), and percent elongation at break in tension, were determined by ASTM Method D638. Torsional modulus (p.s.i.) was determined by ASTM Method D1043, and was calculated as the apparent modulus of elasticity E, as described in the appendix to this method. Hardness was measured by ASTM Method D785, Method A, using the Rockwell R scale. Notched Izod impact (foot-pounds per inch of notch) was measured by ASTM Method D256. An accelerated test in the Weather-Ometer was used to simulate outdoor exposure; the samples were exposed to radiation from the carbon are (without a filter) and to intermittent spraying with water substantially as described in ASTM Method D1499. Deterioration of impact strength by aging was determined using the procedure of ASTM Method D256, except that no notch was cut in the sample, the cross-sectional dimensions of the sample were 0.5 inch by 0.25 inch, and the impact was delivered against the wide face of the sample. This modified impact test is especially sensitive to deterioration in the aging procedure used.

The following examples illustrate the practice of the invention.

5 EXAMPLE I In this example, a composition according to the invention (experiments 1A and 1B) is compared with a typical composition according to the prior art (experiments 1C and 1D). The compositions were made by mixing 50 parts by weight of a resin with 50 parts of a graft copolymer. The resin was in all cases a copolymer of "70% styrene and 30% acrylonitrile by weight. In 1C and 1D, the graft copolymer was the product of polymerizing a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile (containing 70% by weight of styrene) in the presence of an equal weight of polybutadiene in latex form, using conventional emulsion polymerization methods. In 1A and 1B, the graft copolymer was the product of polymerizing a mixture of 70% styrene and 30% acrylonitrile in the presence of an equal weight of an ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene terpolymer, using the peroxidized rubber technique described above. From infrared spectra, the rubber composition was estimated to be 46% ethylene, 49.6% propylene and 4.4% dicyclopentadiene by weight. The intrinsic viscosity of tetralin at 135 C. was 2.46; iodine number 8.9. The resin/rubber ratio (75/25) was the same in all experiments. Experiments B and D differed from A and C respectively only in that 2% of an ultraviolet light absorber (Tinuvin P, 2 (2' hydroxy-S-rnethylphenyl) benzotriazole) was added in B and D.

Samples were molded from these thermoplastic compositions and tests were made with the results shown in the following table.

Experiment N 1A 1B 1C 1 D Formula:

Resin 50 50 50 50 Graft 50 50 50 50 Tinuvin P 2 2 Test Results:

Notched Izod, R.T 7. 0 6. 9 7. 2 6. 5 Notched Izod, 20 F 1. 0 1.3 2. 5 1. 0 'Iors. mod. R.I 250 203 255 268 Tors. mod. l0- 80 C 102 121 110 3, 570 5,170 5, 160 51 16. 6 14. 7 89 84 98 08 24. 6 26. 7 25. 5 20. 6 (NB) (NB) (NB) (NB) 100 hours 13 22. 7 8. 9. 5

200 hours 7. 9 24. 4 7. 0 8. 6

(N 500 hours 7.1 8. 6 7.8

1 Aged in the Weather-Ometer; impact strength by modified unnotched Izod method.

(NB) signifies that the sample did not break in the test.

This example shows that the compositions of the invention, when protected with an ultraviolet absorber, are far superior to similar prior art compositions in resistance to aging by ultraviolet light, and are substantially equal to them in other respects.

EXAMPLE II This example illustrates compositions according to the invention using various styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resins and graft copolymers, at different resin-to-ru bber ratios. In each case, the resin and graft copolymer were mixed in such proportions as to give the desired resin/ rubber ratio.

1 Biopolymer of ethylene 56%, propylene 44%.

2 Terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and dicyclopentadiene; iodine No. 8.9.

3 Graft of 36 styrene, 4 acrylonitrile, 40 rubber; 56% conversion.

4 Graft of 35 styrene, acrylonitrile, 50 rubber; 90% conversion.

5 Graft of 35 styrene, 15 acrylonitrile, 50 rubber; 92 %conversion.

6 EXAMPLE 111 This example illustrates compositions of the invention using a styrene-alpha-methylstyrene copolymer resin (Styron 700), containing approximately 20-25% alphamethylstyrene, and graft copolymers of styrene on various rubbers.

Experiment N 0 3A 3B 3C 3D Rubber Graft Resin/rubber ratio 75/25 /20 8 /20 80/20 Test results:

Notched Izod, R.'I 6. 4 3. 7 5. 9 5. 9 Notched Izod, 20 F 1. 6 0.8 1. 4 Tors. mod.X10 R.I 171 232 286 286 Hardness (Rockwell R) 50 79 91 86 1 Ethylene-propylene bipolymer, 50% ethylene by weight.

2 Ethylene-propylene bipolymer, 56% ethylene.

3 Ethylenepropylene-dicyelopentadiene terpolymer; iodine N o. 8.9. 4 Graft of 80 styrene, 20 rubber; 57%% conversion.

5 Graft of 80 styrene, 20 rubber; conversion.

6 Graft of 80 styrene, 20 rubber; 56% conversion.

7 Graft 0f 50 styrene, 50 rubber; 97% conversion.

EXAMPLE IV This example illustrates compositions of the invention using polyvinyl chloride and graft copolymers of styrenemethylmethacrylate on ethylene-propylene copolymer rubbers. The polyvinyl chloride was a commercial product, Geon 103 EP, having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.96 in cyclohexanone at 30 C.

Experiment N o 4A 4B Rubber Graft Resin/rubber ratio 86/14 89/11 Test results:

Notched Izod, R/I 10. 4 11.3 Notched Izod, 20 F 1. 9 1. 0 Tors. mod. 10 R.'I 274 326 Hardness (Rockwell R) 99 106 1 Ethylene-propylene bipolymer, 56% ethylene.

2 Ethylene-propylene dicyclopentadiene terpolymer; iodine No. 8.9.

3 Graft of 24.7 styrene, 50.3 methyl methacrylate, 25 rubber; 100% conversion.

4 Graft of 26.4 styrene, 53.6 methyl methacrylate, 20 rubber; 100% conversion.

EXAMPLE V This example illustrates compositions of the invention using a styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer resin, and graft copolymers of styrene-methyl methacrylate on ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber.

Experiment No. 5A:

N 1 Estlylene propylene dicyclopeutadiene terpolymer iodine 16.5 styrene, 33.5 methyl methacrylate, 50 rubber; 97% conversion.

EXAMPLE VI A graft copolymer was made by heating at 149 F. for 6 /2 hours a stirred mixture of 400 parts of water, 30 parts of ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene terpolymer (iodine No. 8.9) in the form of a finely divided crumb, 49 parts of styrene, 21 parts of acrylonitrile, and 1 part of alperox C. (laurolyl peroxide). 92% of the monomers (64.4 parts) were converted to polymer, of which 13% (8.4 parts) were found by extraction with methyl ethyl ketone at 80 C. to be actually grafted to the rubber. 78 parts of the graft copolymer were mixed with 22 parts of a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin containing 70% styrene. The mixture, which had a resin/rubber ratio of 75/25, gave the following test results.

Notched Izod, R.T. 6.1 Notched Izod, 20 F. 1.6 Tors. mod. R.T. 186 Hardness (Rockwell R) 68 EXAMPLE VII A graft copolymer was made by subjecting a mixture of rubber and monomer to high shear in an internal mixer [the Baker-Perkins Masticator; see Journal of Scientific Instruments, 31, 88-99 (1954) 1. 10 grams of an ethylenepropylene 'bipolymer rubber (56% ethylene) were used. 2 grams of styrene were added at the start, and four more 2-gram portions at 20 minute intervals. The rotor speed was 72 r.p.m.; the temperature rose from 43 F. at the start to 133 F. at the end of the treatment (100 minutes). 8.4 grams of styrene were polymerized, of which 6.7 grams were actually attached to the rubber, as determined by extraction with methyl ethyl ketone at 80 C. A mixture of 33% of the graft copolymer with 67% of a styrene-alpha-methylstyrene copolymer resin (Styron 700), having a resin/rubber ratio of 80/20, gave the following test results.

Notched Izod, R.T. 3.0 Notched Izod, 20 F. 0.8

Tors. mod. 10 R.T 266 Hardness (Rockwell R) 88 The graft copolymer-resin blend of the invention may be mixed with other resins and/or rubbers, graft copolymers, ABS polymers (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers), and the like. Thus, 30-97 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin may be admixed with 703 parts of a gum plastic of the invention (based, for example, on a blend of styrene-acrylonitrile resin with a graft copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene-propylene rubber). A small amount (e.g. 3-15 parts) of hutadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, and/or graft copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile on polybutadiene may also be included in the last-described mixture. The gum plastic of the invention may with advantage be added to blends of butadieneacrylonitrile rubber with polyvinyl chloride resin.

The thermoplastic composition may be formed into sheets for vacuum forming (with or without lamination to other materials). Coated fabrics or unsupported films may be made from the composition. Compounded with a blowing agent, the described compositions may be expanded.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. A gum plastic composition comprising a blend of two separately prepared polymeric compositions (A) and (B),

(A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene and acrylonitrile on (b) an unsaturated rubbery terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentadiene and hexadiene-1,4,

and (B) being a resinous copolymer formed by copolymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile by themselves in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 60:40 and 95:5.

2. A gum plastic composition comprising a blend of two separately prepared polymeric compositions (A) and (B),

(A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polym' erizing (a) in the presence of (b), (a) being at least one resin-forming monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, chlorostyrene, alphamethylstyrene, p methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, lower alkyl esters of methacrylic acid and vinyl chloride,

and b) being an unsaturated ethylene-propylenediene terpolymer rubber wherein the diene is selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentadiene and hexadiene-1,4,

and (B) being a resinous polymer formed by polymerizing at least one monomer as recited in (a) by itself in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 122 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 60:40 and 95:5.

3. A gum plastic composition comprising, in intimate admixture, an absorber of ultraviolet radiation and a blend of two separately prepared compositions (A) and (B),

(A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) in the presence of (b), (a) being at least one resin-forming monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, chlorostyrene, alphamethylstyrene, p methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, lower alkyl esters of methacryl'ic acid and vinyl chloride,

and (b) being an unsaturated ethylene-propylenediene terpolymer rubber wherein the diene is selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentadiene and hexadiene-1,4,

and (B) being a resinous polymer formed by polymerizing at least one monomer as recited in (a) by itself in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 60:40 and 95:5.

4. A gum plastic composition comprising a blend of two separately prepared polymeric compositions (A) and (A) being a graft copolyrner formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of (b) a rubbery spine polymer which is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene,

and (B) being a resinous copolymer formed by copolymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile by themselves in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2: 1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 70:30 and :10.

5. A gum plastic composition comprising, in intimate admixture, and absorber of ultraviolet radiation and a blend of two separately prepared compositions (A) and (A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of (b) a rubbery spine polymer which is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene,

and (B) being a resinous copolymer formed by copolymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile by themselves in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2: 1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 70:30 and 90:10.

6. A gum plastic composition comprising a blend of two separately prepared polymeric compositions (A) and (A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene in the presence of (b) a rubbery spine polymer which is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene,

and (B) being a resinous polymer formed by polymerizing styrene by itself in the absence of (b).

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the Weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2: 1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 70:30 and 90:10.

7. A gum plastic composition comprising, in intimate admixture, an absorber of ultraviolet radiation and a blend of two separately prepared compositions (A) and (A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene in the presence of (b) a rubbery spine polymer which is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene,

and (B) being a resinous copolymer formed by copolymerizing styrene by itself in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 70:30 and 90:10.

8. A gum plastic composition comprising a blend of two separately prepared compositions (A) and (B),

(A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of (b) a rubbery spine polymer which is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene,

and (B) being a resinous copolymer formed by copolymerizing styrene and methyl methacrylate by themselves in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 70:30 and 90:10.

9. A gum plastic composition comprising, in intimate admixture, an absorber of ultraviolet radiation and a blend of two separately prepared compositions (A) and (A) being a graft copolymer formed by graft polymerizing (a) styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of (b) a rubbery spine polymer which is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene,

and (B) being a resinous copolymer formed by copolymerizing styrene and methyl methacrylate by themselves in the absence of (b),

the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between 70:30 and 90:10.

10. A gum plastic composition comprising a blend of two separately prepared polymeric compositions (A) and (A) being a grafted terpolymer consisting of a terpolymer having side chains thereon and having been prepared from (a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated free-radical polymerizable monomer grafted to (b) a residually unsaturated terpolymer, said terpolymer consisting of at least about 20% ethylene by weight, at least about 20% by weight of an at least C aliphatic alpha olefin, and not over about 10% by weight of a non-conjugated diolefin,

and (B) being a resinous polymer formed by polymerizing the said (a) in the absence of the said (b), the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being between 78:22 and 33:67, the weight ratio of (a) to (b) employed in (A) being between 1:2 and 2:1, and the over-all resin to rubber weight ratio being between :40 and :5.

11. A gum plastic composition as in claim 10, in which the said residually unsaturated terpolymer (b) is a terpolymer peroxide or hydroperoxide.

12. A gum plastic composition as in claim 10, in which (a) is a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile and (b) is an ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diolefin terpolymer.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,987,501 6/1961 Rieke et a1. 260878 3,000,866 9/1961 Tarney 260-79.5 3,010,936 11/1961 Irvin 260-876 3,041,307 6/1962 Baer 260876 3,103,501 9/1963 Shearer et al. 26045.95 3,162,696 12/1964 Zimmerman et al 260878 3,177,270 4/1965 Jones et al 260876 3,200,174 8/1965 Adamek et a1. 260-889 3,236,917 2/1966 Natta et al. 260878 FOREIGN PATENTS 633,890 1/1962 Canada.

835,578 5/1960 Great Britain.

885,986 1/1962 Great Britain.

870,650 6/ 1961 Great Britain.

MURRAY TILLMAN, Primary Examiner M. J. TULLY, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

